
|
The Acme Brewery of San Francisco was established in 1907 by Leopold Schmidt, owner of the Olympia Brewing Company of Tumwater, WA. Acme's story actually begins with Schmidt's entry into the San Francisco market.
In Feb. 1903, after a limited introduction of his Olympia Beer, Schmidt shipped 100 casks, each packed with six doz. quarts of bottled beer, to his agents in San Francisco. This was followed by repeat orders and a SF market was assured. Rather than contracting with agents for the distribution of his bottled beer, Schmidt decided to establish his own agency and bottling works. Schmidt purchased a three lot parcel on Sansome Street (numbered 1401, 1411, & 1423). The site was located at the the foot of Telegraph Hill and near the Embarcadero - convenient to rail and steamship. By November of 1904, construction had begun on the lot at 1423. On December 31, 1904, an article appeared in the trade publication, Pacific Wine and Spirit Review, that described the new agency:
The article went on to describe the building and equipment, which was state of the art, and that it was under the management of brothers, Gus and Mitchell Harris. The bottling shop foreman was Fritz Reither, a nephew of Leopold Schmidt. The Harris brothers trans-shipped kegs of beer for markets in California, Nevada, and Arizona, where agents bottled the beer for local distribution, with their own labels. The Olympia Beer Company's bottling works provided for the San Francisco market only, and had a distinctive brown label (below). To promote the brand in SF, the agency issued an "Olympia Beer" stein as a give-away (below).
The aftermath of the April 18, 1906, fire and earthquake left San Francisco with few operating breweries, and a beer shortage soon followed. A $1,000,000 order was then placed with Schmidt's Bellingham Bay Brewery for beer to be shipped to the city. His Olympia Beer Company had been spared from the catastrophe and production had already ramped up at its Tumwater plant in order to meet the higher demand. Schmidt seized this opportunity for capturing market share, and set out to build his own brewery there in the City. He already had the two vacant lots adjacent to the bottling works (1401-1411 Sansome), so it was a logical choice.
The Acme Brewery was incorporated on April 11, 1907, with Leopold F. Schmidt, president; William Schuldt, secretary and manager; and Jacob P. Rettenmayer, treasurer. J.P. also became Acme's first brewmaster. Schmidt may have intended to remove Olympia Beer from the SF market once the Acme plant's beer was selling well, but in the interim he kept the bottling works separate from Acme. Consequently, Acme contracted with a local agent for bottling and distribution of its output. Schmidt chose this same arrangement for his Bellingham Bay Brewery. Kegs of beer were shipped to the city and bottled by D. Meinke until 1910, when 3-B came under new management. While the Acme Brewery was technically a branch of the Olympia Brewing Co., it did not produce Olympia Beer. Due to the difference in water quality, the brew masters could never brew a lager that equaled that of the Tumwater Plant. Nor was Olympia Beer ever brewed in the Bellingham, Salem, or Port Townsend plants for the same reason.
In May of 1911, JP Rettenmayer ¹, now company president and manager, convinced Schmidt that it was time to annex the bottling works to the Acme Brewing Co. Sales were up and Olympia Beer's withdrawal would be covered by Acme's increased production.By this time, Acme's main brands were "Acme Beer" and "Franciscaner". They also had a seasonal, "Acme Bock" and later added a dark, "Old Bohemian".For the first seven years, the symbol for Acme Beer was the female figure of Ceres, the goddess of agriculture. She can be seen on the 1911 letterhead (top of page), in an early ad on a label, and on an enamel sign (below right). The sign was originally affixed to Heinhold's First & Last Chance Saloon located across the Bay in Oakland in what is now known as Jack London Square. The ad was published in July of 1911 and announced Acme's new bottling department. |
|
The label shown (above-center) is the same as shown in the ad announcing the new bottling dept. As mentioned above, initially Acme contracted the services of outside bottlers, as yet having no bottling capabilities of their own. A SF City guide shows Acme listing its bottling works at 162 Guererro. That was the address for John Fauser's Phoenix Bottling Works. Fauser was Acme's sole agent, and they bottled their line of beers until 15 May 1911, when the Olympia Beer Company's bottling line became part of the Acme brewing Co.
Acme issued numerous advertising pieces in the '30s & '40s, however very few
items have survived from the 13 year period prior to Prohibition. This beautiful
sign, ca.1910 (above) and the curved enamel sign, both
depicting the goddess Cereus, are notable exceptions. |

Original Acme label with German
text © 1914
|
The label (above) was unusual in that it had none of the required legalize spelled out.
Instead all of that required information was printed on a label affixed to the
back of the bottle. I suppose they didn't want to compromise the artistic
integrity of their new design. An example of one of theses labeled bottles
(below) shows a neck label which had "ACME" with
the signature "JP Rettenmayer" and "Brew Master" as well as "net contents 1 pt.
5 fluid oz." plus the rear label with the govt. required notations
(below right). When Washington and Oregon voted for statewide prohibition, brewers were given one year to sell their stocks and shut down operations by the 1 Jan 1916 deadline. National prohibition was to occur four years later, but many didn't think that would happen. Consequently, Olympia's beer production was shifted to the Acme plant in California. Olympia's Bellingham Bay Brewery was closed and its equipment shipped to San Francisco. Its Port Townsend Brewery was also closed, but the Tumwater and Salem plants operated for a short time by manufacturing fruit beverages and near-beer. |
|
California Brewing AssociationOn January 17, 1917, an association of six breweries was incorporated, but the announcement wasn't made until two months later. On March 12, 1917, the San Francisco Call-Bulletin reported:
This announcement was made today by Charles O. Swanberg, president of the Merchants' Ice & Cold Storage Company, and a heavy stockholder in two of the affected concerns. The breweries included in the merger are: National Brewing Company, Henry Weinhard Brewery, Claus Wreden Brewing Company, Union Brewing and Malting Company, Acme Brewing Company and Broadway Brewing Company."This was a co-operative venture to give the participants more power in buying and selling. The Association was to have no paid-in capital stock, and profits were to be distributed on the basis of business prior to the consolidation. The members expectations were that by buying and selling in bulk they could materially reduce expenses. Only two of the breweries continued as plants of the (renamed) California Brewing Association: the Acme Brewery, and the National Brewery. All of the other breweries ceased production and closed, but their parent companies continued to operate until they were all were forced out of business by national Prohibition on January 16, 1920.
With the war in Europe, a strong anti-German sentiment was sweeping America. Consequently, Acme replaced the German, tri-color, shield with an CBA monogram (Calif. Brg. Assn.), and replaced all German text with English (see label left). Above the new monogram was: "A Healthful Beverage for the Home" and the middle banner now proclaimed: "The joyful temperance of Acme is expressed on every occasion" and "Good Old Acme - pleasing to the taste - ideal for digestion - cheering to the spirit." These slogans were designed to appease the prohibitionists and attempt to distance beer from the liquor industry, but it didn't help. |
| Prior to Prohibition Acme did not appear to produce many promotional advertising pieces. Upon acquiring the National Brewery, Acme adopted that brewery's use of western themes (see tray at right). This is a full size "stock" tray, and I know of no other Acme beer trays. A San Francisco collector has duplicate Vienna Art plates with Acme on the front and advertising on the reverse, with one advertising "John Fauser, Acme agent and bottler, Guerrero St." and the other has "Acme Brewing Co. 1401 Sansome St., San Francisco." There are also identical images on trade cards from both Acme & National which depicts a Pony Express rider appearing to burst through the card's surface. National used this same graphic on an oval beer tray. |
![]() |
![]() |
Marketing during this period attempted to distance Acme from prohibition
forces, and specifically the Anti-Saloon League, by referring to their
beer as a "A Healthful Beverage for the Home"
(see mug at left). Another slogan was "Good Old Acme - pleasing to the
taste - ideal for indigestion - cheering to the spirit." Other brewers
attempted the same marketing strategy but failed in their efforts to characterize
beer as a healthful beverage, as opposed to an intoxicating drink.
On 16 Jan. 1920, the 18th Amendment became law, and beer was prohibited
along with all of the other alcoholic beverages. The stein at left is for sale on BreweryGems |
|
Footnotes: |
![]()
ProhibitionOn 8 January, 1920, just eight days prior to Prohibition was to take effect, the California Brewing Association reorganized as the Cereal Products Refining Corporation, with J.P. Rettenmayer, president. Through all of Prohibition the National Plant, at 741-762 Fulton St., was operating under that name. They produced Cereal Malt Syrup, Oro Syrup, Alta Syrup, Cerex Syrup, Peerless Yeast, and Peerless Vinegar. They also made Fairy Ice Cream. They also came out with a low-alcohol cereal beverage, or near-beer, called "Acme Light". They used the same stein-girl label but had to remove the word "Beer" from the label. The result was the origin of the iconic, red "A" that remains in use today (see label below). In September of 1921, the Acme plant, on Sansome Street,
became the Acme Bottling Co., doing business as the California Bottling
Association. This was a division of the Cereal Products Refining Corp., and
capitalized at $100,000. It was organized by J.P. Rettenmayer, S.H. Herold,
and C.F. Hanson.
On March 25, 1924, the brewery patented their brewing process for "Acme Brew" (the
registered name for their near-beer) and the patent date appears, center
bottom, on the label.
See "Acme Brew" sign below.
It appears that the Fulton plant wasn't producing
near-beer, since no Prohibition labels have appeared under the Cereal
Products Refining Corp. banner. The Fulton
Street plant was apparently dedicated to malt, syrup, yeast, vinegar and ice
cream production.
![]() truck in front of SF City Hall, ca.1922 Ice cream was also being made in the Sansome St. plant. Acme-Maid was a product of the Acme Ice Cream Co., who's office was down the street at 1313 Sansome. In about 1924, the Fairy Ice Cream Co. merged with the Acme.
But the Calif. Bottling Assn. on Sansome St. was producing more than ice
cream. They produced
"Acme Light" near-beer, as well as "Cascade Brew". They
used the eagle
label from the Union Brewing & Malting Co. that had been part of the 1917
merger (see similar label below, under Repel). They also came out with an "Old Bohemian Brew"
an "Acme Steam" and an
"Acme Malt Tonic" (labels shown below).
The plant also did contract brewing for at least one other company. As
late as Nov. 1928, the Calif. Bottling Assn. brewed & bottled "NC Export
Brand Brew" for the N. Cervelli Bottling Co. of SF.
Low alcohol beers were only popular in that they could be spiked with grain
alcohol to make them closer to the real thing. But soft drinks were also a
money maker. They proved useful as mixers to bootleg liquor - though they
weren't advertised as such.
The Sansome St. plant produced a sparkling "Lime Rickey" and a sparkling
"Orange" as well as a "Grapefruit" and a "Ginger Ale". For the soft drink
labels they chose a different font for "Acme" (see below on Ginger Ale)
to differentiate them from the near-beer products. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
![]() Tin-over-cardboard sign, ca.1925
In 1929, the Merchants Ice & Cold Storage Co., purchased
20% of the Acme Brewing Co., a.k.a. the Cereal Products Refining Corp., and obtained
control of the Sansome
Street plant. In May of '33 - a month after Repeal -
the Sansome plant was leased to a group who
re-opened it as the Globe Brewing Company. Globe only operated it for
five years, closing in 1938. |
Repeal - 1933
They ultimately became the most prolific and consistent brewery advertiser in newspapers. They then expanded their media blitz through numerous radio spots and innovative billboard advertising. These aggressive and on-going campaigns made Acme the most famous, and popular brand of beer in the West. Advertising Campaigns "Fine Beer Since 1860" - One short-lived campaign in the late '40s boasted, "Fine Beer Since 1860" (see coaster - below). The assumption made by many was that Acme had been around since then, but the ads didn't actually say that, just implied as much. This 1860 reference acknowledges the family tradition of brewing brought to Acme Breweries by its management. This heritage rests primarily on two brewing families: Adams and Schuster.
In 1863, Johanas Adami [Adams], helped found the Broadway Brewery which was one of the six breweries that became the California Brewing Association in 1916. Johanas' son, William F. Adams, became one of the directors of the Association when it was formed, and after Prohibition he held the position of secretary for Acme Breweries in both SF and LA. Both he and his brother Edward J. Adams were major Acme shareholders. And their brother George C. Adams established an Oakland agency in 1893 that his two sons later operated as Acme's Oakland distribution depot. Karl Schuster was elected president and general manager of Acme Breweries in 1934. In 1870, his grandfather, Frederick, purchased the American Railroad Brewery (est. 1858). In 1902 it merged with Union Brewing & Malting. Acme invested heavily in advertising and used ad agencies to come up with their ever-changing campaigns. The following are a few of the more long-lived campaigns and their approximate years of use. Often there was overlap or concurrent use of promotional material. After Repeal Acme Breweries built a new
bottling plant adjacent to the old National site at Fulton & Webster. The new plant was described by architects and designers as "one of the worlds most beautiful industrial buildings." However, the Schmidt family was no longer involved with brewing in San Francisco. Nor was Leopold Schmidt's son-in-law, JP Rettenmayer. At the time of JP's death
(24 Feb. 1937) he was the president & manager of the
Salinas Brewing and Ice Company. |


|
|
|
|
From 1933 to 1936 the Fulton & Webster St. plant continued to operate as the Cereal Products Refining Corporation.
They adopted the pre-prohibition label from 1920 for their flagship
brand (above). On April 1, 1936 the company changed its operating name to Acme Breweries to reflect the addition of an additional brewery, and their labels reflected the name change. However, Acme's corporate name was actually the California Brewing Association. ![]() In partnership with its Southern California agent, Bohemian Distributors, Acme built a plant in Los Angeles (Vernon) at 2080 East 49th St. This plant operated from 1935-1954 as the Acme Brewing Co. (see label right) until its purchase by a NY brewery. The National label (above- right) is a 1933 version of the pre-Prohibition label from the National Brewing Company, which joined the California Brewing Association in 1916. Upon Repeal the Ass'n. re-introduced this familiar San Francisco brand to help recapture as much of the newly opened market as possible. The beer was selling three for a quarter. However, the Ass'n. soon dropped the National label in order to focus all their marketing efforts in the promotion of a single brand - Acme Beer.
The Cascade label (below) is a 1933 version from Acme's SF plant, which was (dba) the
Cereal Products Refining Corporation from the onset of Prohibition in 1920,
until 1936. |
|
|
|
|
The Petty cowgirl (below) was a very popular
image - given Acme's fondness for western themes. The cowgirl image was
also used on an
aluminum serving tray and for this back-bar chalk figurine
(right). |
|
Acme also used the artist, Alberto Vargas for some of their promotional material after he left Esquire.
|
![]()
The War Years
With the outbreak of WWII citizens and business were called upon to conserve
materials needed for the war effort. Consequently there was a shortage of
materials required for the brewing and packaging beer, and even caps were hard
to come by. Acme aided conservation by promoting its quarter gallon, Victory
size bottle which would use one cap instead of three - "Victory Size for the
Economy-Wise". The Lever type "Kork-N-Seal" closure (right),
was especially handy for resealing the
quarter
gallon "Victory" or "Ecomomy" size bottles.
Patriotism was also a popular promotion
theme. Acme actively encouraged numerous means to aid the war effort.
They advocated giving blood; planting Victory gardens; writing to the
troops; recycling cooking grease to your butcher; and other
economizing activities. At the close of each ad came the caption:
"Acme...the beer with the high I.Q. (It Quenches). Buy Another Bond."

Coaster from Acme's Hawaiian distributor, ca. 1945

![]()
POST-WAR
In 1950 the company dropped their familiar black beer can (left) in favor of one that looked like a glass of beer. They renamed it "Acme Gold Label". In 1951, the company introduced a new brand specifically targeting the male consumer - "Bull Dog Beer". The slogan was: "Brewed to a Man's Taste!" The new brand did surprisingly well and gave the company some needed revitalization. To follow up on their success they quickly added to their lien-up, a "Bull Dog Ale" ("A Pip of a Nip in Every Sip"), and "Bull Dog Extra Stout Malt liquor". The following year they hired
a quintessential "alpha male"
to promote the brand - previous world heavyweight champion,
Jack Dempsey. This was quite a departure for
Acme since they had been successfully
wooing the female demographic since 1933.
In January of 1954, both the LA & SF plants were sold to the Liebmann Breweries of NY,
who was making The SF plant was operated as the California Brewing Co. from '54 to '58, and it continued producing "Acme Gold Label" (at right) and the "Bull Dog" brands. In 1958, Liebmann gave up its national bid and closed the plant for good. When Liebmann Breweries closed the California
Brewing Co.,
Acme's LA agents and business partners, the Bohemian Distribution Company,
purchased the rights to the "Acme" and "Bull Dog" brands, and from 1959 to 1968 Acme
& Bull Dog was being produced
for Bohemian
by the Grace Brewing Company of Santa Rosa, CA. |
|
|
|
|
![]()
Other Acme BreweriesWhile in no way related to the California Acme, the name has been used by three other brewing companies. Prior to prohibition there was an Acme Brewing Company in Macon, GA [1893-1916], and one in Bentleyville, PA [1907-20]. Then after prohibition there was an Acme Brewing Co. in Joliet, IL [1933-39], Bentleyville had a short run from 1933-34 .
Acme Brewery TodayIn late 1935, the California Brewing Assn. built a three story, art deco style, building (shown here) to house their general offices and sales department for the San Francisco plant. They also moved their Hospitality/Tasting room to the new building. Currently the building houses the Center for African and African American Art and Culture, where the murals adorning the (interior) walls of old Tasting room remain to this day. It is a triptych (multi-panel) mural, depicting the cultivation of hops and the production of beer. The mural was painted in 1935 by Jose Moya del Pino, whose work also appears in Coit Tower.
|
All contents including images are copyright by BreweryGems.com
and can not be used without permission from BreweryGems.
Copyright © 2004 ~ All Rights Reserved.
![]()
|
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
|
For any comments, additions, or
corrections - or if you have any Acme items for sale
(especially pin-up art by Vargas & Petty, or the "halo light" by
Price Bros.) - please contact me:
![]()
BREWERIANA |
BREWERY HISTORIES |
SITE MAP |
ABOUT ME |
CONTACT